Jan 08, 2020 equivalence class partitioning is a blackbox testing technique or specification based testing technique in which we group the input data into logical groups or equivalence classes. Equivalence classes and boundary value analysis crosslake blog. Using the equivalence partitioning method above test cases can be divided into three sets of input data called classes. Doing equivalence testing reduces the number of test cases. Equivalence class testing equivalence class partitioning is a blackbox testing technique used in software testing as a major step in the software development. This is because we are assuming that all the conditions in one partition will be treated in the same way by the software.
Sep 22, 2016 what is equivalence partitioning in software testing. Definition of equivalence partitioning equivalence partitioning is a blackbox testing technique basic test design technique that splits the input domain into classes of data. Equivalence partitioning in software testing test design. Equivalence partitioning ep is a method for testing software programs. As seen from the diagrams above there are problems when moving from weak equivalence class testing to strong. Equivalence class testing practical tips on software testing. Equivalence partitioning is a black box technique to identify test cases systematically and is often the first technique to be applied when designing test cases. Software testing company often faces the situation when the experts apply one or another principle in their activity and even do not realize it. We can use these to identify output range equivalence classes as under. Feb 15, 2020 equivalence class partitioning is a specification based blackbox testing techniques. This testing involved testing only for one condition for every partition which is created. Equivalence partitioning is a technique of software testing in which input data is divided into partitions of valid and invalid values, and it is mandatory that all partitions must exhibit the same behavior. For example compilers,language that can be represented by context free grammar. Aug 16, 20 equivalence class testing this week we turn to equivalence class testing.
Equivalence partitioning or equivalence class partitioning ecp is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. This course focuses on strategies for blackbox testing, about equivalence class testing and special value testing. The different test cases must test the classes of the software continuously. This testing technique is better than many of the testing techniques like boundary value analysis, worst case testing, robust case testing and many more in terms of. Equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis are two specificationbased techniques that are useful in black box testing.
Tutorial7 to generate equivalence class test casesfor. What is boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning. Identify equivalence classes take each input condition described in the specification and derive at least two equivalence classes for it. In boundary testing, equivalence class partitioning plays a good. Boundary value analysis is a refinement of the equivalence class partitioning method which again is one of the most generally applicable methods for blackbox test design. In this method, classes of input conditions called equivalence classes are identified such that each member of the class causes the same kind of processing and output to occur. Its important to know the equivalence classes for your system under test, because you can use equivalence classes to limit your test cases. Dec 31, 2017 equivalence partitioning also called equivalence class partitioning or ecp is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. You can apply this technique, where there is a range in the input field.
In equivalence partitioning, inputs to the software or system are divided into groups that are expected to exhibit similar behavior, so they are likely to be proposed in the same way. Equivalence partitions are also known as equivalence classes, the two terms mean exactly the same thing. Equivalence class testing is a technique for test design which can reduce the amount of your test cases. Equivalence classes in software testing stack overflow. Equivalence partitioning is a test case design technique to divide the input data of software into different equivalence data classes. If the equivalence classes are chosen wisely, the potential redundancy among test cases can be reduced. It is a software testing technique that divides the input test data of. Input andor output variables have well defined intervals. Equivalent class partitioning is a black box technique code is not visible to tester which can be applied to all levels of testing like unit, integration, system, etc.
Based on the edges of the equivalence classes, test cases can then be derived. In this technique, we analyze the behavior of the application with test data residing at the boundary values of the equivalence classes. It is important to use equivalence partitioning with boundary value analysis because it provides more coverage to the testing. Equivalence class partitioning and boundary value analysis. Using equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis in. Equivalence class testing garreth davies 2 abstract this document describes techniques used by testers to test computer software. Boundary value analysis is the next part of equivalence partitioning for designing test cases where test cases are selected at the edges of the equivalence classes. In this method, the tester identifies various equivalence classes for partitioning. Equivalence classes equivalence classes are a set of input values that produce the same result. Any data value within a class is equivalent in terms of testing. The values at the extremes startend values or lowerupperend values of such class are known as boundary values.
If one application is accepting input range from 1 to 100, using equivalence class we can divide inputs into the classes, for example, one for valid input and another for invalid input and design one test case from each class. Equilateral triangle, isosceles triangle, scalene or not a triangle. From each partition of data, one test case is needed. It is a software testing technique that divides the input test data of the application under test into each partition at least once of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived.
We will differentiate below, between four different types of equivalence class testing ect. It divides the input domain of a program into classes. One test value is picked from each class while testing. In this technique, the data fed into the software to be tested is divided into partitions of equal sizes. That would mean tests with value of 2,6, and 15 would be considered enough to test behavior of the function. Istqb equivalence partitioning with examples get software. Dec 01, 2017 equivalence class testing example solution of triangle problem software engineering video classes in hindi and english.
Equivalence class testingblack box software testing techniques. Equivalence partitioning or equivalence class partitioning ecp is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of. Equivalence partitioning test case design technique. In this, the test cases are generated so that each grammar rule is used at least once. The idea of equivalence class partitioning is to divide the all possible inputs to the system into equivalence classes, i. The above are not handled by bva technique as we can see massive redundancy in the tables of test cases. Jul 30, 2018 equivalence partitioning is also known as equivalence class partitioning. Oc length equivalence testing between wt and dcko with confidence intervals of differences difference in oc lengths between wt and dcko mm t n i po me i t p0 p21 month 41. Equivalence partitioning is a blackbox testing technique that applies to all levels of testing.
But there are defined rules and best practices that can make it more useful and scientific. As the name suggests equivalence partitioning is to divide or to partition a set of test conditions into sets or groups that can be considered same by the software system. Equivalence class testing, which is also known as equivalence class partitioning ecp and equivalence partitioning, is an important software testing technique used by the team of testers for grouping and partitioning of the test input data, which is then used for the purpose of testing the software product into a number of different classes. In this method, equivalence classes for input values are identified such that each member of the class causes the same kind of. Equivalence class testing introduction with solved example. Equivalence class testingblack box software testing. Identify the equivalence classes for the following specification. Lets say you have a user interface that looks like this.
This testing technique is better than many of the testing techniques like boundary value analysis, worst case testing, robust case testing and many more in terms of time consumption and terms of precision of the test. The equivalence partitions are frequently derived from the requirements specification for input data that influence the processing of the test object. The idea is to identify test cases by using one element from each equivalence class treated the same traversing the same execution path the key is the choice of the equivalence relation that determines the classes. It can be used at all testing levels unit, integration, system, and systemintegration test levels.
Equivalence class testing equivalence class partitioning is a blackbox testing technique used in software testing as a major step in the software development life cycle sdlc. It divides the input data of software into different equivalence data classes. It is a black box testing technique which restricts the testers to examine the software product, externally. Apr 29, 2020 it divides the input data of software into different equivalence data classes. In equivalencepartitioning technique we need to test only one condition from each partition. Test cases are designed for equivalence data class. In this method, equivalence classes for input values are identified such that each member of the class causes the same kind of processing and output to occur. So in the above example, we can divide our test cases into three equivalence classes of some valid and invalid inputs. What is equivalence partitioning in software testing. Equivalence partitioning is a basic black box test case design technique. Equivalence class testing a quick glance of equivalence. Boundary value analysis is a blackbox testing technique, closely associated with equivalence class partitioning. The idea of equivalence class testing is to identify test cases by using one element from each equivalence class. The key point in equivalence class testing is the choice of the equivalence relation that determines the classes.
Equivalence partitioning also called as equivalence class partitioning. Frequently, this happens during the equivalence class testing application. Therefore you group the test item into class where all items in each class are suppose to behave exactly the same. Do we need both equivalence partitioning and boundary. Apr 16, 2020 boundary value analysis testing technique is used to identify errors at boundaries rather than finding those that exist in the center of the input domain.
Today lets concentrate on equivalence partitioning. Equivalence testing is one of the effective ways of preparing test cases. Aug 12, 2017 30 videos play all manual testing software testing material real time software testing interview questions duration. Equivalence partitions are also known as equivalence classes the two terms mean exactly the same thing. Equivalence class testing next date problem geeksforgeeks. I am new to software testing and i am studying the basic techniques. Equivalence partitioning is a method for deriving test cases. It is a type of blackbox testing which mainly focuses on testing the functionality of the software.
Tutorial6 to generate equivalence class test casesfor the. Equivalence class testing black box software testing techniques the use of equivalence classes as the basis for functional testing and is appropriate in situations like. Equivalence classes is the input and sometimes output data which are processed by the same application or their processing leads to the same results. Equivalence class partitioning is a specification based blackbox testing techniques. The idea behind ep is to split all of the possible inputs into something known as equivalence classes. The synonyms for the word are equal, same, identical etc. It primarily focuses on the concept of equivalence class testing.
Equivalence class testing is appropriate when the system under test can be expressed as a function fo one or more variables, whose domains have well defined intervals. Boundary value analysis technique is the process of picking the boundary values from each partition including first or last value from outside the boundary range too. Equivalence class testing it is a software test design technique that involves dividing input values into valid. The word equivalence means the condition of being equal or equivalent in value, worth, function, etc. This article defines each of these techniques and describes, with examples, how you can use them together to create better test cases. Equivalence classes form a partition of a set, where partition refers to a collection of mutually disjoint subsets whose union is the entire set completeness, nonredundancy the idea is to identify test cases by using one element from each equivalence class. If the equivalence classes are chosen wisely, the potential redundancy among test cases is greatly reduced. Boundary value analysis and equivalence class partitioning. May 26, 2019 equivalence classes equivalence classes are a set of input values that produce the same result. Equivalence partitioning a black box testing technique.
Lets consider the behavior of order pizza text box below. Equivalence partitions are also known as equivalence classes. Equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis are linked to each other and can be used together at all levels of testing. Equivalence class or equivalence partition is the act of dividing the given input set by a relation into groups or classes which is treated the same by the module or which should produce the same result. Equivalence class partitioning simplified software testing. In this technique, you divide the set of test condition into a partition that can be considered the same.
Do we need both equivalence partitioning and boundary value. Equivalence partitioning is also known as equivalence classes. Software engineering black box testing geeksforgeeks. Equivalence class partitioning ep is a very widely used method to decrease the number of possible test cases that are required to test a system. Everything is fulfilled intuitively, a tester does not focus on that he conducts the work with the certain technique applied. In the previous blog post, we discussed about various test design techniques. How to design test cases for testing equivalence partitioning. Recapweak normal ecstrong normal ecrobustnesscombined with wct outline recap. You can save time and reduce the number of test cases required to effectively test inputs, outputs, and values. I think that it doesnt matter how much inputs this program has, and the equivalence class is 99,100,101. Equivalence portioning technique in black box testing. Equivalence class testing technique examples software.
Equivalence class partitioning is a blackbox testing technique or specification based testing technique in which we group the input data into logical groups or equivalence classes. Functional testing boundary value testing software testing. Equivalence partitioning how does equivalence partitioning. Jul 24, 2018 software testing blackbox strategies and whitebox testing. Apr 04, 2016 if the equivalence classes are chosen wisely, the potential redundancy among test cases is greatly reduced. It is based on testing on and around the boundaries between partitions.
Equivalence class testing example solution of triangle. Equivalence class testing ec testing is when you have a number of test items e. To generate equivalence class test casesfor the next date function next date is a function consisting of three variables like. Syntax driven testing this type of testing is applied to systems that can be syntactically represented by some language. All the data items lying in an equivalence class are assumed to be processed in the same way by the application when passed as input. In equivalence class partitioning, set of input data that defines different test conditions are partitioned into logically similar groups such that using even a. Hence selecting one input from each group to design the test cases. Test case design with the help of equivalence partitioning technique has two steps. Each test case is representative of a respective class. The reason for this is that we consider that all conditions in one partition should be treated the same by the software. Equivalence class testing is a black box software testing technique that divides function variable ranges into classes subsets that are disjoint.
Equivalence partitioning also called equivalence class partitioning or ecp is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. The program accepts five to nine inputs which are 3 digit integers greater than 100. Jan 08, 2020 boundary value analysis is a blackbox testing technique, closely associated with equivalence class partitioning. Equivalence class testing introduction with solved example software engineering classes hindi and english. Here we discuss the introduction, types, why do we need equivalence class testing. If you have done range checking, you were probably using the boundary value analysis technique, even if you werent aware of it.
767 482 213 811 1605 185 183 1226 1277 581 1320 1113 614 261 465 902 904 997 1083 392 844 491 1177 290 7 1012 348 1062 240 1273 1408 1604 239 273 894 601 1591 114 946 171 871 1032 491 168